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| Indian BrahMos and Akash-NG missile systems—key components of the India–Armenia $4B defence deal that is reshaping regional security.(Representing AI image) |
India-Armenia Mega $4B Arms Deal: BrahMos, Akash Missiles Set To Reshape South Caucasus Power Balance
- Dr.Sanjaykumar pawar
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Background: India–Armenia Defence Ties
- The Components of the $3.5–4 Billion Deal
- Akash and Akash-NG Air Defence Systems
- BrahMos Cruise Missile Co-Production
- Artillery: Pinaka and ATAGS
- Ballistic Missile Defence: Ashwin Interceptors
- Technology Transfer, Training & Offsets
- Strategic Implications
- For Armenia: Diversification & Security
- For India: Exports, Geopolitics & “Make in India”
- For the Region: Counterweights & Power Projection
- Economic & Defense Export Analysis
- Risks, Challenges & Criticisms
- Future Outlook
- Conclusion
- FAQs
- References & Credible Sources
1. Introduction
India and Armenia are on the brink of finalizing a historic US$3.5–4 billion defence agreement, a move that is already generating significant global attention. At the heart of this mega deal are some of India’s most advanced and battle-proven weapon systems, including the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile and the next-generation Akash-NG surface-to-air missile. For Armenia, a nation navigating ongoing tensions in the South Caucasus, these systems represent more than just military hardware — they symbolize a long-awaited modernization of its defence posture.
What makes this development even more impactful is the strategic shift it represents. Armenia, once heavily dependent on Russian military supplies, is now actively diversifying its defence partnerships. Turning to India is not just a procurement decision but a deliberate geopolitical recalibration. Meanwhile, India’s expanding footprint in this sensitive region signals its growing confidence as a defence exporter and regional influencer. This deal strengthens New Delhi’s position in a part of the world where Turkey, Russia, and Iran have long dominated the narrative.
The implications of this agreement will ripple far beyond Yerevan and New Delhi. For Pakistan — a close ally of Azerbaijan — the arrival of BrahMos and Akash-NG systems in Armenia adds a new layer of complexity to regional security calculations. India’s expanding defence diplomacy directly counters the Pakistan-Azerbaijan-Turkey axis, reflecting how arms exports can become powerful tools of foreign policy.
In this article, we will break down the components of the India-Armenia defence deal, examine the political and economic motivations driving both nations, and analyze how this partnership could reshape the balance of power in the South Caucasus. With major defence systems, co-production agreements, and long-term cooperation on the table, this deal may well redefine regional security for years to come.
2. Background: India–Armenia Defence Ties
A Rapidly Growing Strategic Partnership
The defence relationship between India and Armenia has quietly transformed into one of the most significant and fast-growing partnerships in Eurasia. While it may not receive the same spotlight as India’s ties with major powers, the collaboration between New Delhi and Yerevan has deepened remarkably since 2022. This shift is driven by Armenia’s urgent need for modern defence capabilities and India’s rise as a reliable, cost-effective, and technologically advanced defence supplier.
Major Indian Defence Systems Already in Armenian Arsenal
According to insights from the Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies & Analysis (MP-IDSA), Armenia has signed several major defence contracts with India over the past few years. These include powerful and diverse systems such as:
- Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launchers, capable of delivering devastating saturation fire over long distances.
- Konkurs Anti-Tank Guided Missiles, offering precision strike capability against armored threats.
- 155mm ATAGS Howitzers, among the world’s most advanced artillery guns.
- Akash Air Defence Systems, providing trusted protection against hostile drones, aircraft, and missiles.
- Anti-drone systems, small arms, ammunition, and other battlefield assets.
This wide range of acquisitions shows Armenia’s confidence in Indian technology and its intent to overhaul its Soviet-era equipment.
Make in India: The Backbone of the Partnership
A central enabler of this growing defence cooperation is India’s Make in India initiative. With India pushing to boost indigenous production, both quality and capacity have risen sharply. As MP-IDSA highlights, the partnership’s early foundation was a $40 million deal for India’s Swathi Weapon-Locating Radar, which performed admirably in Armenian service and helped establish trust between the two nations.
Swathi’s success opened the doors for larger contracts and transformed India into one of Armenia’s preferred defence partners.
India Becomes Armenia’s Top Arms Supplier
Perhaps the strongest indicator of this evolving relationship comes from SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) data. Between 2022 and 2024, a remarkable 43% of Armenia’s total arms imports came from India. For a country historically dependent on Russia for military supplies, this marks an extraordinary strategic shift.
This sharp pivot highlights Armenia’s belief in India’s reliability and technological capability—and positions India as a rising defence exporter with growing global influence.
As Armenia continues to face regional challenges, the India-Armenia defence partnership is set to play an even more vital role in shaping the security landscape of the South Caucasus.
3. The Components of the $3.5–4 Billion Deal
India’s fast-expanding defence partnership with Armenia is built on a broad suite of advanced military technologies. The proposed $3.5–4 billion deal is not a single purchase but a carefully structured package that enhances Armenia’s air defence, long-range precision strike capability, artillery strength, and domestic defence manufacturing capacity. Below is a humanized, SEO-friendly deep dive into every major element of this landmark agreement.
A. Akash and Akash-NG Air Defence Systems
At the heart of the India–Armenia defence deal lies the widely acclaimed Akash Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) system, a flagship of India’s growing missile industry. Armenia showed remarkable confidence in Indian defence technology when it became the first international customer for Akash-1S in 2022, placing a massive US$720 million order for 15 Akash-1S batteries. This single move signaled Armenia’s interest in constructing a strong multi-layered air defence network capable of tackling modern aerial threats.
In November 2024, Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL) dispatched the first Akash battery, marking a major milestone not only for Armenian defence but also for India’s export ecosystem. A key detail—highlighted in the DRDO press release—is that over 96% of the Akash system’s components are domestically produced, a testament to India’s progress in self-reliance under the Make in India initiative.
But what truly elevates this defence partnership is Armenia’s interest in the Akash-NG (Next-Generation) system. Developed by DRDO and produced by Bharat Dynamics Ltd (BDL), Akash-NG represents a significant leap forward with:
- Longer engagement range
- Superior multi-target handling
- Advanced AESA radar
- Faster reaction time
- Enhanced kill probability against drones, cruise missiles, and aircraft
Armenia is set to become the first global buyer of Akash-NG, a remarkable sign of trust. Defence analysts predict Armenia may procure 4–6 Akash-NG batteries, strengthening its ability to counter Azerbaijan’s growing drone and missile capabilities.
This upgrade positions Armenia among the few nations with a sophisticated, layered SAM defence environment.
B. BrahMos Cruise Missile Co-Production
The most strategically important—and geopolitically sensitive—component of the deal is the potential Armenian procurement of BrahMos, the world’s fastest supersonic cruise missile in active service. Jointly developed by India and Russia, BrahMos is capable of striking targets with pinpoint precision at speeds of Mach 2.8–3.0.
What makes this particularly groundbreaking is Armenia’s interest in co-production. If finalized, this would mark the first time India establishes a BrahMos manufacturing footprint in a foreign country, giving Armenia access to top-tier missile technology and strengthening India’s presence in the Caucasus.
For Armenia, BrahMos offers:
- Long-range precision strike capability
- Deterrence against hostile armour and command centers
- A psychological edge against adversaries
For India, it extends defence diplomacy into a region traditionally influenced by Russia, Turkey, and Iran.
C. Artillery: Pinaka and ATAGS
Armenia’s battlefield performance in recent years has highlighted gaps in its artillery and rocket capabilities. The new India-Armenia package addresses these vulnerabilities through two powerful systems:
1. Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher (MBRL)
Developed by DRDO, the Pinaka system is designed for high-impact, rapid saturation fire. Capable of firing 12 rockets in under 45 seconds, it allows Armenia to neutralize enemy concentrations, ammunition depots, and fortifications swiftly and effectively.
2. ATAGS Artillery Guns
The 155 mm ATAGS (Advanced Towed Artillery Gun System) is one of the most advanced guns in the world, boasting:
- A range exceeding 48 km
- Fully automated operation
- High mobility and survivability
Together, Pinaka and ATAGS modernize Armenia’s artillery corps and give it much-needed depth against Azerbaijani forces, which possess advanced Turkish and Israeli artillery solutions.
D. Ballistic Missile Defence: Ashwin Interceptors
A lesser-discussed but crucial part of the agreement is Armenia’s acquisition of Ashwin ballistic missile interceptors, a system that forms part of India’s ballistic missile defence shield. These interceptors provide protection against:
- Short-range ballistic missiles
- Cruise missiles
- High-speed aerial threats
Given Azerbaijan’s sophisticated missile arsenal, Ashwin adds a critical layer to Armenia’s homeland defence capability.
E. Technology Transfer, Training & Offsets
Beyond the hardware, the India–Armenia deal stands out due to its emphasis on long-term cooperation and knowledge sharing.
Key components include:
- Technology Transfer (ToT) for missile and air defence components
- Training of Armenian personnel in India
- Local assembly and production of select systems, possibly including BrahMos components
- Maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) facilities in Armenia
- Offset agreements ensuring Armenia benefits economically and technologically
This holistic model is designed not just to equip Armenia but to empower it — creating local capabilities that reduce long-term dependence on foreign suppliers.
The components of the India–Armenia defence deal reveal a comprehensive, future-ready partnership. With air defence, artillery, missiles, and local industry cooperation bundled together, the proposed $3.5–4 billion package has the potential to transform Armenia’s military landscape while elevating India’s role as a global defence exporter..
4. Strategic Implications
The India–Armenia defence partnership is more than a transaction—it represents a tectonic shift in the geopolitical dynamics of the South Caucasus and signals a new era in India’s global defence outreach. The implications of the $3.5–4 billion deal are profound for Armenia, India, and the wider region, creating ripple effects far beyond the immediate military sphere.
A. For Armenia: Diversification & Security
For decades, Armenia’s security architecture depended overwhelmingly on Russian military hardware. This reliance meant that Yerevan had few options when supply chains slowed or political priorities shifted in Moscow. The Russia-Ukraine conflict only deepened Armenia’s anxiety, as Russian production lines, diplomatic focus, and resources became tied up elsewhere. Defence deliveries were delayed or deprioritized, leaving Armenia’s army vulnerable in a tense regional environment.
Against this backdrop, turning to India represents a strategic necessity rather than a mere preference. By choosing India as a long-term defence partner, Armenia sends a clear message: it is committed to diversifying its defence ecosystem, seeking reliability, modernity, and political neutrality.
The package Armenia is acquiring from India is not symbolic—it is transformational. The combination of Akash-1S and Akash-NG air defence systems gives Armenia its first credible multi-layered shield against Azerbaijani drones, missiles, and air strikes. This is especially critical after the wars in 2020 and 2023, where drone warfare played a decisive role.
The potential addition of BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles changes the calculus even further. With ranges capable of targeting high-value military infrastructure, BrahMos serves as both a deterrent and an equalizer amid regional asymmetry. Azerbaijan’s Turkish-supplied drones and Israeli missile systems have given it an upper hand in recent years; BrahMos offers Armenia a counter-threat that cannot be ignored.
Armenia’s artillery, long considered outdated, receives a dramatic upgrade with Pinaka MBRLs and ATAGS howitzers. These systems expand Armenia’s ability to conduct precision strikes, area denial operations, and long-range artillery duels—capabilities it sorely lacked in previous conflicts.
The inclusion of Ashwin ballistic missile interceptors adds further depth, providing a protective buffer against short-range ballistic threats—something Armenia has never possessed before.
Collectively, this multi-layered defence architecture offers Armenia not just equipment but strategic breathing room. It enhances deterrence, boosts national morale, and gives Yerevan the means to project strength, making future aggression costlier for adversaries.
B. For India: Exports, Geopolitics & “Make in India”
For India, the Armenia deal is a showcase moment in its evolution from a major defence importer to a globally competitive exporter. Under the “Make in India” vision, New Delhi has invested heavily in indigenous weapon systems, and Armenia’s willingness to procure advanced assets validates this long-term strategy.
This deal is not just about selling hardware—it’s about India stepping into the shoes of a trusted defence partner capable of supplying high-end, battle-proven technology. As countries diversify away from Russia and seek alternatives to China, India emerges as a natural fit: democratic, affordable, and technologically reliable.
The Armenia agreement also enhances India’s geopolitical reach. By embedding itself in the defence framework of a Eurasian nation, India gains strategic visibility in a region where Turkey, Iran, and Russia have traditionally dominated. The symbolism is important: India is no longer confined to South Asian geopolitics—it is becoming a player in multi-regional strategies.
Additionally, joint projects like BrahMos co-production allow India to export not only weapons but also industrial capacity. This strengthens India’s position as a country capable of offering technology transfer, local production, and training—all critical components of modern defence diplomacy.
Financially, the $3.5–4 billion deal is a major success for Indian defence PSUs like DRDO, BDL, and BEL, but the soft power dividends are even greater. By helping Armenia in a time of strategic need, India builds lasting political goodwill and strengthens its network of friendly partnerships.
C. For the Region: Counterweights & Power Projection
The strategic implications extend beyond bilateral ties. The India–Armenia deal directly influences the balance of power in the South Caucasus, a region defined by historic rivalries, shifting alliances, and recurring conflict.
Armenia’s main adversary, Azerbaijan, has cultivated strong defence ties with Turkey and Pakistan. Turkish Bayraktar drones, Israeli missile systems, and Pakistani diplomatic support have all played roles in shaping Azerbaijan’s military confidence. India’s increasing involvement offers Armenia a counterweight to this triad, especially as Azerbaijani military spending and regional influence continue to rise.
The introduction of systems like BrahMos and Akash-NG could recalibrate Azerbaijan’s strategic planning. These are not symbolic weapons—they pose real challenges to air superiority, land offensives, and command centers. While Armenia cannot match Azerbaijan’s resources, its new acquisitions force Baku to rethink the cost of escalation.
For Russia, the deal is a sign of shifting loyalties. Moscow has traditionally been Armenia’s primary supplier and protector through the CSTO. But delays, unmet expectations, and Armenia’s frustration with the lack of support during recent conflicts have created space for India. This development subtly erodes Russia’s regional influence, especially as Yerevan seeks new partners.
Turkey, meanwhile, will closely watch India’s deepening presence in its geopolitical backyard. India’s growing strategic partnership with Armenia counters Turkey’s support for Azerbaijan, potentially introducing a new layer of complexity in regional alignments.
For India, establishing a defence-industrial footprint in Armenia gives it visibility and leverage in West Asia, Central Asia, and the Caucasus—a region critical for energy routes, trade corridors, and connectivity projects such as the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC).
The strategic implications of the India–Armenia defence deal are sweeping and long-lasting. Armenia gains security, diversification, and deterrence. India gains influence, prestige, and new markets. And the region as a whole undergoes a subtle but meaningful shift in power dynamics.
5. Economic & Defense Export Analysis
The India–Armenia defence partnership is not only reshaping regional security dynamics but also creating significant economic and industrial opportunities for both nations. According to Business Standard, Armenia has rapidly become one of India’s most valuable defence export clients, purchasing advanced systems such as the Akash air defence system, the Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher, and modern 155mm artillery guns. These purchases reflect a deep trust in India’s defence manufacturing capabilities and signal a long-term commitment to Indian platforms.
The economic impact becomes even clearer when viewed through the lens of data from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Between 2022 and 2024, a remarkable 43% of Armenia’s total arms imports originated from India. This level of dependency is unprecedented and demonstrates Armenia’s strategic pivot away from traditional suppliers like Russia. Such a shift creates new opportunities for India to expand its defence footprint in regions where it previously had a minimal presence.
For India, the Armenia deal aligns perfectly with its national vision to rise as a global defence exporter under initiatives like “Make in India” and Atmanirbhar Bharat. Exporting high-value missile systems, artillery platforms, and radars not only strengthens India’s defence manufacturing ecosystem but also enhances the credibility of indigenous technologies. Every successful export acts as a real-world endorsement of Indian defence products, helping open doors to new markets in Southeast Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe.
Financially, deals like the Armenia contract inject billions into India’s defence sector, supporting public-sector giants like DRDO, BEL, and BDL as well as private industry partners. The ripple effects extend across supply chains, generating employment, boosting innovation, and encouraging more R&D investment.
In essence, the India–Armenia defence relationship exemplifies how strategic cooperation can evolve into a powerful engine for economic growth and international recognition—solidifying India’s position as a rising leader in the global defence export market.
6. Risks, Challenges & Criticisms
As significant and transformative as the India–Armenia defence partnership appears, it is not without its complexities. Mega defence deals often carry layers of financial, political, and logistical risks, and this $3.5–4 billion agreement is no exception. Understanding these challenges is essential to evaluating the long-term sustainability of the partnership and its broader regional impact.
1. Political Risk: Armenia’s Budget Constraints
While Armenia is committed to strengthening its military capabilities, funding such a massive, multi-year defence package poses a genuine challenge. Armenia’s economy, though growing, is not on the same scale as major defence spenders. Allocating billions toward weapons procurement may strain public finances, especially when the country faces pressing internal needs such as infrastructure, social welfare, and post-conflict reconstruction.
Financing large defence deals often requires a mix of loans, payments over extended periods, and government guarantees. If Armenia’s domestic political landscape becomes unstable, or if economic conditions worsen, it could jeopardize the timely execution of the agreement. Critics argue that relying heavily on foreign defence purchases could divert resources from equally critical civilian sectors.
2. Technology Risk: Complexities of BrahMos Co-Production
One of the most ambitious aspects of the India–Armenia deal is the potential co-production of BrahMos, one of the world’s fastest supersonic cruise missiles. However, co-producing a system as advanced as BrahMos brings serious technological and security challenges.
The missile incorporates sensitive components, dual-country intellectual property, and tightly controlled guidance systems. Ensuring that these technologies are transferred safely, without risk of leakage or misuse, will require robust oversight. Additionally, Armenia’s current defence-industrial base is limited, meaning significant investment and training will be necessary before meaningful co-production can begin. This raises concerns about realistic timelines and whether Armenia can absorb such advanced production capabilities efficiently.
3. Delivery & Maintenance Challenges
Any modern defence system comes with long-term commitments, and this deal is no exception. Systems like Akash-NG, ATAGS, and Ashwin interceptors require:
- Continuous spare parts supply
- Upgraded software and firmware
- Regular technical inspections
- Specialized training for operators and technicians
India will need to maintain a reliable logistics pipeline to ensure Armenia’s systems remain operational. A breakdown in maintenance could render key assets ineffective, weakening Armenia’s defence posture and damaging India’s reputation as a reliable supplier.
Critics warn that without local maintenance infrastructure, Armenia risks facing delays or bottlenecks similar to those it previously experienced with Russian equipment.
4. Regional Backlash: Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Russia
The geopolitical implications of the India–Armenia deal extend far beyond bilateral cooperation. Azerbaijan, Armenia’s direct rival, may interpret the deal as a provocation or an attempt to undermine its military advantage. Baku could respond by accelerating its own defence procurements from Türkiye, Israel, and Pakistan—potentially igniting a regional arms race.
Turkey, a strong ally of Azerbaijan, might also view India’s growing presence in the South Caucasus with suspicion. This could lead to diplomatic friction or recalibration of Turkey’s South Asian policy.
Russia, once Armenia’s primary defence provider, may see India’s growing influence as an intrusion into its traditional sphere of influence. While Moscow and New Delhi maintain strong ties, overlapping strategic interests in the region could create subtle tensions.
From a geopolitical standpoint, critics warn that India risks becoming entangled in a highly volatile region, which could complicate its relationships with other players.
5. Bureaucratic Delays & Regulatory Hurdles
India’s defence export ecosystem, while improving, is still evolving. Large defence deals often face bureaucratic complexities, including:
- Export licensing and government clearances
- Offset obligations
- Technology-sharing agreements
- Regulatory compliance
Any delay in procurement timelines or approvals can escalate costs and slow down delivery. Armenia, needing timely upgrades to its defence systems, cannot afford prolonged delays. Opponents argue that India must streamline its processes if it wishes to compete with faster-moving suppliers like Turkey or Israel.
Despite its strategic and economic appeal, the India–Armenia defence deal faces real risks—from technical challenges and geopolitical tensions to bureaucratic and financial constraints. Successfully navigating these hurdles will require political will, careful planning, transparent communication, and long-term commitment from both sides. If managed well, the partnership can flourish; if mishandled, it may fall short of its transformative potential.
7. Future Outlook
The India–Armenia defence partnership is poised to evolve into one of the most strategically meaningful relationships in the Eurasian region. If the $3.5–4 billion deal progresses as expected, the future is likely to bring transformational shifts for Armenia’s defence capability and India’s standing as a global arms exporter.
1. Armenia’s Gradual Integration of Advanced Systems
Armenia could begin receiving additional Akash-NG air defence batteries, new batches of Pinaka rocket systems, and potentially initial BrahMos components within the next two to three years. These systems—when integrated—will significantly enhance Armenia’s ability to deter or respond to military threats. The deployment of Akash-NG alone would strengthen its air defence grid, providing coverage against drones, precision missiles, and fixed-wing aircraft.
As more units arrive, Armenia’s military will transition from outdated Soviet-era platforms to modern, network-centric systems that improve targeting, response time, and survivability. This gradual modernization will also allow Armenia to build operational experience with advanced missile and artillery systems—an advantage it lacked during recent conflicts.
2. Joint Production and Local Defence Integration
One of the most exciting possibilities is the establishment of joint production lines. If BrahMos co-production or partial assembly begins in Armenia, it would mark a historic first: Indian missile technology embedded in another country’s industrial base.
This could create new job sectors, stimulate Armenian defence manufacturing, and deepen technological interdependence between the two nations.
India, for its part, would secure a long-term partner in a strategically important region—expanding its defence-industrial reach far beyond South Asia.
3. Expanding Military Cooperation: Training, Exercises & R&D
The future may also see the rise of India–Armenia joint military exercises, enhanced training exchanges, and the establishment of maintenance or service hubs inside Armenia. These hubs would ensure faster repairs, fewer supply-chain delays, and better operational readiness.
Additionally, joint defence R&D initiatives could emerge, especially in areas like drones, counter-drone warfare, communications systems, and guided artillery—fields where both nations have shared interests.
4. A Model for India’s Defence Diplomacy
If the India–Armenia partnership proves successful, it could become a flagship model for India’s defence export strategy under “Make in India.” Countries in Central Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, and even Eastern Europe may take note of the cost-effective and reliable defence solutions India offers.
This deal could therefore serve as a blueprint for India’s future military-industrial outreach—strengthening its global footprint while supporting allies with modern, indigenous systems.
The future of India–Armenia defence cooperation looks promising. From technology transfer and missile deployment to joint training and production, the partnership has the potential to reshape regional security and elevate India’s role as a rising defence exporter on the world stage.
8. Conclusion
The potential $3.5–4 billion India–Armenia defence deal is more than an arms sale — it is a strategic partnership. For Armenia, it provides a much-needed modernization of its defence capabilities and a diversification away from traditional suppliers. For India, it is a breakthrough in defense diplomacy and industrial exports, showcasing its ability to deliver cutting-edge systems and co-produce strategic hardware.
This deal may mark a turning point in the South Caucasus, altering the region’s security dynamics and projecting India’s influence far beyond its immediate neighborhood. As negotiations progress, all eyes will be on how this partnership unfolds — and how it reshapes regional balance.
9. FAQs
Q1: Is the deal confirmed or just in negotiation?
A: As of now, reports suggest that India and Armenia are nearing finalization of MoUs worth US$ 3.5–4 billion.
Q2: What exactly is Akash-NG, and how is it different from Akash-1S?
A: Akash-NG is the next-generation version with enhanced range, improved radars, and better target-handling.
Q3: Will BrahMos missiles be made in Armenia?
A: There are discussions about co-production of BrahMos components in Armenia, giving Yerevan a base for assembly or even manufacturing.
Q4: Why is Armenia turning to India for weapons?
A: Because of reliability issues with traditional suppliers (like Russia), cost-effectiveness, and India’s willingness to provide technology transfer and long-term partnerships.
Q5: What are the risks of this deal?
A: Potential risks include funding constraints, technology transfer complexity, long-term maintenance, and geopolitical backlash from regional powers. (See “Risks, Challenges & Criticisms” above.)
10. References & Credible Sources
- MP-IDSA, The India–Armenia Defence Partnership: Strategic Drivers
- DRDO press release on Akash export to Armenia
- Indian Defence News, Armenia first foreign buyer of Akash-NG
- Business Standard, Indian defence exports and Armenia
- SIPRI data via IDRW analysis, 43% of Armenia’s imports from India
- External Affairs / Business Standard on Armenia potentially upgrading Su-30s and buying Astra missiles
- Indian Defence News, India–Armenia near $4 B defence MoUs
- Indian Defence Research Wing, analysis on the $4 B deal
- Indian Defence News, Armenia acquires 15 Ashwin interceptors
- MP-IDSA / policy analysis on Armenia’s shift, war lessons, and India-Armenia ties
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