India’s food security now depends not just on how much we grow, but how well we can store and preserve it.(Representing AI image)
India’s Record Foodgrain Production and the Urgent Need for Modern Storage Infrastructure
- Dr.Sanjaykumar pawar
Table of Contents
- Introduction: Why Storage Matters More Than Ever
- India’s Foodgrain Storage System – An Overview
- Household-Level Storage
- Government Storage Agencies
- Private Storage and Other Stakeholders
- Importance of Foodgrain Storage for India’s Economy and Food Security
- Major Initiatives to Strengthen Storage Infrastructure
- Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF)
- Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure (AMI)
- Pradhan Mantri Kisan SAMPADA Yojana (PMKSY)
- Steel Silos, PEG Scheme, and Central Sector Initiatives
- Key Challenges in Grain Storage
- Post-Harvest Losses
- Storage-Specific Issues
- Economic Burden
- Dependence on CAP Storage
- Suggested Measures to Improve Grain Storage
- Modernization & Scientific Practices
- PPP Model & Private Investment
- PACS Empowerment
- Regional Focus on NE, Tribal, and Hilly Areas
- Case Studies & Recent Developments
- Steel Silos in Bihar and Madhya Pradesh
- Digitalization of PACS
- Cold Chain Success Stories
- Insights and Opinion – The Way Forward
- Conclusion
- FAQs
- Sources
1. Introduction: Why Storage Matters More Than Ever
India has crossed a remarkable milestone with a record 353.96 million tonnes of foodgrain production in 2024–25, as reported in the Third Advance Estimates of the Ministry of Agriculture. This achievement reflects a journey of resilience—from being a food-deficit nation in the 1960s, dependent on imports and foreign aid, to becoming a food-surplus economy that not only feeds over 1.4 billion people but also supports global markets.
But this success story comes with a new challenge. Producing food is only half the battle; preserving it is the real test. Despite bumper harvests, India loses nearly 22% of its foodgrain output every year due to poor storage practices. To put this into perspective, about 74 million tonnes of grains were wasted in 2022–23 alone, equivalent to feeding millions of households for months. Economically, these losses translate into over ₹7,000 crore annually—a staggering drain on national resources.
This paradox highlights why foodgrain storage infrastructure has become the unsung hero of India’s food security framework. Proper storage is not just about building warehouses—it is about ensuring that the food produced with the hard work of farmers, the investments of the government, and the nation’s natural resources actually reaches those who need it.
Modern storage solutions like steel silos, scientific godowns, and cold chain logistics are no longer optional; they are essential to prevent wastage, stabilize market prices, and secure buffer stocks for the Public Distribution System (PDS). More importantly, they empower farmers to hold their produce until they get fair prices, reducing distress sales and strengthening rural incomes.
In short, India’s food story today is not just about how much we grow, but how well we can store, preserve, and distribute it for tomorrow.
2. India’s Foodgrain Storage System – An Overview
India stands among the world’s top foodgrain producers, but production alone does not guarantee food security. What really matters is how effectively the nation can store, preserve, and distribute its harvest. India’s foodgrain storage system is a multi-layered framework, combining traditional farm-level practices with modern warehouses, village-level godowns, and cold chain facilities. This blend of old and new makes the system both diverse and challenging.
Household-Level Storage
Even today, 60–70% of foodgrains in India are stored at the household level, especially by small farmers. They rely on indigenous techniques such as Morai (clay bins), Mud Kothi, and bamboo baskets. These methods are inexpensive and deeply rooted in rural traditions. However, they come with vulnerabilities—rodents, pests, and excess moisture often damage the stored produce, leading to post-harvest losses. Improving these low-cost methods with simple scientific interventions can protect millions of tonnes of foodgrain annually.
Government Storage Agencies
The backbone of India’s grain management lies in its government agencies:
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Food Corporation of India (FCI): Founded in 1965, FCI is the primary custodian of foodgrain storage. It operates silos, godowns, depots, and Cover & Plinth (CAP) structures, collectively managing over 917.83 LMT capacity with state partners.
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Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC): Established in 1962, CWC provides large-scale warehousing solutions for foodgrains and other agricultural commodities.
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State Warehousing Corporations (SWCs): These function at the state level, bridging the gap between FCI’s centralized storage and farmers’ localized needs.
Together, these agencies form the institutional backbone of India’s grain reserves, ensuring both buffer stocks for emergencies and a steady supply for the Public Distribution System (PDS).
Private Agencies
While the government remains dominant, the private sector also plays a crucial role. FCI often rents warehouse space from private owners to meet seasonal demand. Moreover, policies encouraging Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) can significantly boost capacity by attracting private investment into modern silos and scientific warehouses.
Other Stakeholders
Several additional players support the storage ecosystem:
- The Warehouse Development and Regulatory Authority (WDRA) ensures scientific standards in warehousing.
- The Indian Railways and Civil Supply Departments handle logistics, moving foodgrains efficiently across states.
India’s foodgrain storage system is not just about facilities—it is about linking farmers, agencies, and markets in a reliable chain. Strengthening each layer, from rural household bins to high-tech silos, will determine whether India can truly secure its massive harvests for the future.
3. Importance of Foodgrain Storage for India’s Economy and Food Security
- Reduces Post-Harvest Losses – Protects both quantity and quality.
- Ensures Food Security – Maintains buffer stocks for PDS and emergencies.
- Stabilizes Prices – Prevents extreme fluctuations during lean seasons.
- Supports Farmer Income – Farmers can avoid distress sales by storing produce.
- Boosts Food Processing & Exports – Availability of raw material for processing industries.
India’s agriculture sector has achieved record harvests in recent years, producing over 350 million tonnes of foodgrains in 2024–25. However, the real test begins after harvest — ensuring grains are stored safely, efficiently, and scientifically. Proper storage systems are not just about protecting grain; they directly influence food security, farmer livelihoods, and India’s economy.
1. Reduces Post-Harvest Losses
One of the biggest challenges India faces is post-harvest wastage, with nearly 22% of grains lost annually due to poor storage practices, pests, and moisture. Modern silos, cold chains, and scientific godowns can protect both the quantity and quality of foodgrains. This means fewer losses, better nutrition, and higher returns on the nation’s agricultural investments.
2. Ensures Food Security
Foodgrain storage is the backbone of India’s Public Distribution System (PDS). Buffer stocks maintained by agencies like the Food Corporation of India (FCI) ensure that during droughts, floods, or global disruptions, India has enough reserves to feed its people. Without proper storage, even bumper harvests can’t guarantee food security.
3. Stabilizes Prices
Every year, farmers experience price crashes during peak harvest seasons. Scientific storage enables governments and farmers to release grains in a timely and controlled manner, preventing extreme fluctuations. This not only benefits consumers by keeping prices affordable but also stabilizes the broader economy by curbing inflationary pressures.
4. Supports Farmer Income
For small farmers, the ability to store their produce can be life-changing. Instead of resorting to distress sales at low prices, farmers can hold their grains and sell them when markets are favorable. Village-level godowns and PACS-based storage are helping farmers secure better prices and gain financial stability.
5. Boosts Food Processing & Exports
A reliable storage system also supports India’s growing food processing industry, which depends on steady raw material supplies. By reducing wastage and ensuring quality preservation, storage infrastructure enables more grains to be diverted towards value-added products like flour, rice, and packaged foods. Furthermore, consistent quality boosts India’s position in the global export market, making it a reliable supplier of wheat, rice, and pulses.
Foodgrain storage is more than just an agricultural necessity — it is a national priority. By reducing losses, ensuring food security, stabilizing prices, and supporting farmers, modern storage systems can transform India’s agriculture into a pillar of sustainable growth and global competitiveness.
4. Major Initiatives to Strengthen Storage Infrastructure
Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF)
- Launched in 2020, with a 10-year financial support plan (2020–2030).
- Provides interest subvention and credit guarantee for projects like silos, warehouses, cold chains.
Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure (AMI) Scheme
- Component of ISAM.
- Financial assistance for constructing and renovating godowns in rural India.
Pradhan Mantri Kisan SAMPADA Yojana (PMKSY)
- Modernizes the food processing sector.
- Aims to reduce wastage, improve farmer income, and boost exports.
Other Schemes
- Steel Silos Construction: Large-scale silos planned in Punjab, MP, Bihar.
- PEG (Private Entrepreneurs Guarantee) Scheme: Incentivizes private sector investment in storage.
- Central Sector “Storage & Godowns” Scheme: Focuses on the North-East and hilly regions.
India’s journey from food scarcity to surplus production is a remarkable achievement, but the challenge lies in storing this abundance efficiently. Recognizing this, the government has launched multiple initiatives to strengthen foodgrain storage infrastructure, reduce post-harvest losses, and ensure farmer welfare. Let’s look at the key schemes driving this transformation.
Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF)
Launched in 2020, the Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF) is one of the most ambitious steps towards modernizing India’s agricultural ecosystem. This 10-year financial support plan (2020–2030) provides interest subvention and credit guarantee on loans for projects like silos, warehouses, cold chains, and post-harvest facilities.
What makes AIF impactful is its farmer-centric approach. Instead of focusing only on large corporate players, it encourages farmer producer organizations (FPOs), cooperatives, startups, and even individuals to create scientific storage infrastructure. This reduces the dependency on outdated Cover and Plinth (CAP) structures and ensures foodgrains remain safe from pests, rodents, and moisture damage.
By 2025, AIF has already sanctioned thousands of projects across India, paving the way for a “storage revolution” that complements the Green Revolution.
Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure (AMI) Scheme
The Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure (AMI) scheme, a component of the Integrated Scheme for Agricultural Marketing (ISAM), focuses on strengthening rural storage capacity. It provides financial assistance to farmers, entrepreneurs, and cooperatives for the construction and renovation of godowns.
The importance of this scheme lies in its focus on village-level storage. Farmers in remote areas often suffer heavy losses due to the lack of nearby warehouses, forcing them into distress sales. By supporting rural godowns, AMI helps farmers store their produce safely, sell at better prices, and reduce transportation costs.
Ultimately, AMI bridges the gap between farmgate and markets, ensuring smoother integration into the supply chain.
Pradhan Mantri Kisan SAMPADA Yojana (PMKSY)
The Pradhan Mantri Kisan SAMPADA Yojana (PMKSY) goes beyond storage by addressing the entire food processing value chain. It aims to:
- Reduce wastage of perishable crops like fruits and vegetables,
- Enhance farmers’ income by enabling value addition,
- Boost food exports by modernizing supply chains.
Under PMKSY, modern food processing parks, integrated cold chains, and agro-processing clusters are being developed. This not only minimizes grain and crop wastage but also creates employment opportunities in rural areas, contributing to the goal of doubling farmers’ income.
By linking farmers directly to markets and industries, PMKSY ensures storage is not just about preservation, but also about value creation.
Other Key Schemes Driving Storage Modernization
Apart from flagship programs, several other schemes strengthen India’s foodgrain storage capacity:
- Steel Silos Construction: Modern silos with mechanized handling are being set up in Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, and Bihar, reducing dependence on CAP storage.
- Private Entrepreneurs Guarantee (PEG) Scheme: Attracts private sector investment in warehouses by offering guaranteed rent from the Food Corporation of India (FCI).
- Central Sector “Storage & Godowns” Scheme: Specially designed for the North-East and hilly regions, addressing regional gaps in storage infrastructure.
India’s surplus food production is a matter of pride, but without modern storage, much of it risks being wasted. These initiatives—AIF, AMI, PMKSY, and targeted schemes like PEG and silos construction—form the backbone of a new era of grain management.
Together, they not only ensure food security but also strengthen the farm-to-market supply chain, enhance rural incomes, and position India as a reliable global food supplier. In short, storage is no longer a background issue—it is central to India’s agricultural future.
5. Key Challenges in Grain Storage
| Challenge | Impact | Data/Example |
|---|---|---|
| Post-Harvest Losses | 22% output wasted | 74 MT lost (2022–23) |
| Storage-Specific Losses | 6.58% grain lost | Due to pests, rodents, moisture |
| Economic Burden | ₹7,000 crore lost annually | Insects alone cause ₹1,300 crore losses |
| CAP Storage Dependency | 90% wheat in Punjab stored under CAP | Vulnerable to rain & spoilage |
6. Suggested Measures to Improve Grain Storage
- Expand Scientific Storage: Build silos and modern warehouses (e.g., 50,000 MT silo in Bihar inaugurated in 2025).
- Better Post-Harvest Practices: Use moisture-safe drying and cleaning.
- Strengthen PPPs: Provide guarantees for private investors in silos.
- Empower PACS: Computerize 63,000 PACS to provide village-level godowns.
- Regional Focus: Special attention to NE, tribal, and hilly regions.
India has emerged as a global leader in foodgrain production, crossing 353.96 million tonnes in 2024–25. But as production surges, the challenge lies not in growing food but in preserving it safely. Post-harvest losses, poor infrastructure, and outdated storage systems continue to cost the nation billions. To tackle this, India needs a modern, scientific, and region-sensitive grain storage system. Here are the most crucial measures to make this vision a reality.
1. Expand Scientific Storage: Building Modern Silos and Warehouses
Traditional godowns and Cover and Plinth (CAP) storage structures dominate India’s foodgrain landscape, but they are prone to pest attacks, rain damage, and wastage. Modern steel silos and scientifically designed warehouses offer a cleaner, safer, and more efficient alternative.
For example, in 2025, India inaugurated a 50,000 MT steel silo in Bihar, equipped with conveyor belts and temperature-controlled systems. Unlike conventional godowns, silos reduce human handling, maintain grain quality, and minimize losses. Scaling such projects nationwide could transform India’s storage infrastructure into a world-class system.
2. Promote Better Post-Harvest Practices
Storage is not just about godowns—it begins the moment crops leave the field. Moisture levels, drying methods, and cleaning techniques play a huge role in preventing spoilage.
Grains stored with high moisture content are highly vulnerable to fungi and insect infestations. Encouraging farmers to adopt moisture-safe drying, mechanical threshing, and proper cleaning can extend shelf life and reduce losses dramatically. With government-backed awareness campaigns and training programs, farmers can safeguard their harvest even before it reaches the warehouse.
3. Strengthen Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)
Government agencies like FCI and CWC manage large storage capacities, but the demand far outstrips supply. This is where private sector participation becomes vital. Through the Private Entrepreneurs Guarantee (PEG) scheme, the government already encourages private investments in silos and warehouses by offering long-term hiring guarantees.
Expanding PPPs, reducing red tape, and providing financial incentives can attract private players to build high-tech storage infrastructure. This would not only create employment but also reduce the government’s financial burden.
4. Empower PACS for Village-Level Storage
At the grassroots level, farmers face the hardest challenge—where to store their grain after harvest. The solution lies in Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS).
By computerizing 63,000 PACS across India, the government aims to convert them into local hubs with village-level godowns. This will allow farmers to store produce nearby, avoid distress sales, and access transparent records linked with the Food Corporation of India. Such localized storage will bring efficiency and empowerment directly to farmers’ doorsteps.
5. Regional Focus on NE, Tribal, and Hilly Areas
Foodgrain storage challenges are not uniform across India. North-East, tribal belts, and hilly states often lack adequate warehouses and cold chains. Poor connectivity and high transport costs add to farmers’ difficulties.
By prioritizing region-specific storage schemes, the government can bridge this gap. For instance, smaller modular silos, cold storage units for perishables, and mobile storage solutions can ensure food security in these sensitive regions.
India’s record harvests will only translate into food security and farmer prosperity if grains are stored safely and efficiently. From modern silos in Bihar to computerized PACS in villages, the roadmap is clear: adopt science, invest in partnerships, empower grassroots institutions, and focus on vulnerable regions.
A Storage Revolution is now as important as the Green Revolution was in the 1960s. With the right measures, India can reduce wastage, stabilize prices, and ensure that every grain produced reaches its rightful consumer.
7. Case Studies & Recent Developments
- Bihar Silo Project (2025): A 50,000 MT modern silo with conveyor belt system.
- Madhya Pradesh: Large steel silos near major rail heads reduce logistic costs.
- Cold Chains: Successful pilot projects in Maharashtra reducing fruit wastage by 20%.
- Digital PACS: Government’s initiative to computerize PACS improving transparency and linking to FCI.
India’s record foodgrain production of 353.96 million tonnes in 2024–25 has put the spotlight on one of the country’s most urgent needs—modern storage systems. Traditional godowns and CAP (Cover and Plinth) methods are no longer enough to safeguard this surplus. Fortunately, a series of recent case studies and innovative projects are showing the way forward. From modern silos in Bihar and Madhya Pradesh to cold chains in Maharashtra and digital PACS across villages, India is slowly moving towards a storage revolution.
Bihar Silo Project (2025): A Model for Modern Grain Storage
In 2025, Bihar inaugurated a 50,000 MT capacity modern silo equipped with state-of-the-art conveyor belt systems. Unlike traditional godowns, where grains are stored in open or semi-covered structures, silos are fully scientific storage facilities that protect grains from moisture, pests, and rodents.
- Why it matters: Bihar, one of India’s leading grain-producing states, often faces post-harvest losses due to outdated storage practices. The silo project ensures zero manual handling and automated loading and unloading, making storage safer and faster.
- Broader impact: Farmers in Bihar can now benefit from reduced wastage and better grain quality, while the government gains from longer shelf life and efficient buffer stock management.
This project is being seen as a replicable model for other states, especially those struggling with high wastage during the monsoon season.
Madhya Pradesh: Silos Near Rail Heads Cut Logistic Costs
Madhya Pradesh has emerged as a pioneer in establishing large-capacity steel silos strategically located near major railway heads. This approach has drastically reduced transportation and logistic costs.
- Why it matters: Traditionally, transporting foodgrains from procurement centers to storage depots and then to distribution points was costly and time-consuming.
- With silos near rail heads, the government has cut down multiple handling points, saving both money and time.
For farmers, this means faster procurement and fewer delays in payments. For the state, it strengthens Madhya Pradesh’s role as a national foodgrain hub, especially for wheat supply.
Cold Chains in Maharashtra: Reducing Fruit Wastage by 20%
While grains remain the focus, perishable commodities like fruits and vegetables also demand attention. Maharashtra has successfully piloted cold chain projects that have reduced fruit wastage by 20% in key horticulture belts.
- Why it matters: India loses billions annually due to spoilage of perishable produce. By keeping fruits at the right temperature during storage and transport, cold chains extend shelf life and maintain quality.
- Broader impact: These projects not only benefit farmers with better market prices but also improve consumer access to fresher produce at stable rates.
If scaled nationwide, cold chains could transform India’s horticulture and dairy sectors, ensuring both farmer prosperity and consumer satisfaction.
Digital PACS: Bringing Transparency to the Village Level
The government’s initiative to computerize 63,000 Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) is another game-changer. Traditionally, PACS operated manually, leading to inefficiencies, delays, and lack of transparency.
- What’s new: Digital PACS are being linked with the Food Corporation of India (FCI), ensuring real-time tracking of grain storage, farmer records, and payments.
- Why it matters: This reduces corruption, improves transparency, and makes it easier for small farmers to access village-level storage facilities.
By digitizing PACS, the government is creating a bottom-up storage system that complements the larger silos and warehouses.
These case studies from Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and across villages highlight India’s slow but steady progress towards modernizing its foodgrain storage system. From high-tech silos to cold chains and digital PACS, each development addresses a unique challenge—be it reducing wastage, cutting logistic costs, or improving transparency.
As India moves from food sufficiency to food security excellence, these innovations could mark the beginning of a true “Storage Revolution”, ensuring that every grain grown is a grain saved.
8. Insights and Opinion – The Way Forward
India’s Green Revolution made the nation self-sufficient in production. Now, a “Storage Revolution” is required.
- Policy Shifts: Focus must shift from merely procuring grain to efficient storage and logistics.
- Tech Integration: Use IoT, AI, and blockchain for real-time monitoring of grain health.
- Export Strategy: With surplus production, India should use modern storage to position itself as a global foodgrain supplier.
- Climate Resilience: Modern silos can help reduce losses during unseasonal rains and extreme weather.
India’s Green Revolution in the 1960s turned a food-deficit nation into a self-sufficient producer of grains. Today, India has broken records, producing nearly 354 million tonnes of foodgrains in 2024–25. But the real challenge lies not in how much we grow, but in how well we can store and preserve it. A staggering 22% of grains are lost annually due to poor storage, eroding farmer incomes and weakening food security.
This is why India now needs a “Storage Revolution” — a systemic shift that makes scientific storage, smart logistics, and climate resilience as critical as production itself.
Policy Shifts: From Procurement to Smart Storage
For decades, India’s food policy has revolved around procurement and subsidies. Agencies like the Food Corporation of India (FCI) and State Warehousing Corporations have focused heavily on buying grain from farmers and maintaining buffer stocks.
However, storing millions of tonnes of grain under Cover and Plinth (CAP) structures has proven risky, leading to wastage from rain, pests, and rodents.
👉 The way forward is clear: India must reorient policies to prioritize efficient storage, transport, and distribution systems. Investing in steel silos, scientific warehouses, and decentralized village-level storage will reduce losses and deliver grain to consumers faster and fresher.
Tech Integration: Smart Monitoring for Food Security
Technology can play a game-changing role in grain storage. With tools like:
- IoT sensors to track temperature and moisture inside silos,
- AI algorithms to predict spoilage risks, and
- Blockchain systems to ensure transparency in grain movement,
India can create a digitally monitored storage ecosystem.
For instance, smart sensors can alert managers when grain moisture levels rise, preventing fungal infections before they spread. Blockchain can provide a tamper-proof record of stock levels, reducing corruption and leakage in the Public Distribution System (PDS).
By combining traditional grain management with modern digital tools, India can ensure that not a single sack of wheat or rice is wasted.
Export Strategy: From Surplus Nation to Global Supplier
India’s surplus grains present an economic opportunity. If preserved well, the country can position itself as a trusted global foodgrain supplier.
Countries in Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia are constantly looking for reliable exporters of wheat, rice, and pulses. With modern silos and warehouses that meet global hygiene and safety standards, India can expand its agricultural exports, earn foreign exchange, and strengthen its role in global food security.
In a world facing climate-induced crop failures, India’s surplus—if stored properly—can be a lifeline for other nations.
Climate Resilience: Preparing for an Uncertain Future
India’s farmers are already grappling with unseasonal rains, heatwaves, and floods. These climate shocks not only damage standing crops but also destroy stored grain in traditional CAP structures.
Here, climate-resilient storage infrastructure such as airtight silos, solar-powered cold chains, and moisture-proof godowns can make a huge difference. They protect grain during extreme weather and extend shelf life, ensuring stable supply throughout the year.
The Green Revolution solved India’s production problem, but the Storage Revolution must solve its preservation challenge. By adopting smart policies, integrating technology, leveraging surplus for exports, and building climate-resilient infrastructure, India can ensure that every grain harvested truly reaches a plate.
In short, food security is no longer just about growing more—it’s about saving what we grow.
9. Conclusion
India’s food security challenge is no longer about production, but grain management. With over 350 million tonnes of grain produced annually, the country needs world-class storage systems.
Strengthening scientific silos, PACS godowns, cold chains, and digitalized warehouses will:
- Reduce post-harvest losses,
- Stabilize farmer incomes,
- Ensure national food security, and
- Position India as a global grain powerhouse.
10. FAQs
Q1. What is foodgrain storage infrastructure in India?
It includes FCI godowns, PACS storage, steel silos, cold storage for perishables, and private warehouses.
Q2. What are the main types of storage systems?
Centralized (FCI silos), decentralized (PACS, village godowns), and cold storage.
Q3. How do PACS contribute to storage?
They provide local-level godowns helping farmers store grain, reduce transport costs, and avoid distress sales.
Q4. How much grain is lost due to poor storage?
About 6.58% annually, primarily due to rodents, insects, and moisture damage.
Q5. What is the government’s biggest initiative in grain storage?
The Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF) and Steel Silo Projects under the PEG scheme are key.
11. Sources
- Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare – https://agricoop.nic.in
- Food Corporation of India – https://fci.gov.in
- Central Warehousing Corporation – https://cewacor.nic.in
- Drishti IAS Daily Updates – https://www.drishtiias.com
- NITI Aayog Reports on Agricultural Infrastructure – https://www.niti.gov.in
- FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN) – https://www.fao.org
- WDRA Official Website – https://wdra.gov.in
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